- Salt flux
- Salt flux is the rate of salt or ionics species flow through a semi-permeable membrane (being proportional to the concentration differential across the membrane).
- SCADA
- Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA software systems and algorithms are used to provide real-time instructions to plant automation equipment such as programmable logic controllers (PLC). GEA Filtration routinely implements SCADA solutions in our process automation systems.
- SCC - Society of Cosmetic Chemists
- The Society of Cosmetic Chemists is devoted to the advancement of cosmetic science. The society attempts to increase and distribute scientific information through meetings and publications. By promoting research in cosmetic science and industry, and by setting high ethical, professional and educational standards, the Society of Cosmetic Chemists goal is to improve the qualifications of cosmetic scientists. Their mission is to further the interests and recognition of cosmetic scientists while maintaining the confidence of the public in the cosmetic and toiletries industry.
- Screw Compressor
- Screw Compressor is a type of compressor used in vapor compression refrigeration cycles where two intermeshing helical rotors create pockets of continuously decreasing volume - resulting in compression of the refrigerant vapor and its pressure is increased from cooler pressure to condenser pressure.
- Semi Permeable
- A membrane that permits the passage of a solvent such as water, but prevents the passage of the dissolved substance or solute.
- Serum Protein Concentrate (SPC)
- The whey protein separated from Skim milk prior to the cheese process.
- Silicon
- A non-metal, element number 14 on the Periodic Table
- Sintered Stainless Steel
- A chemical sediment or crust, as of porous silica, deposited on Stainless Steel.
- Skim milk
- Milk from which sufficient cream has been removed to reduce its milk fat content to not more than 0.2 percent. Skim milk contains protein, lactose, minerals and water-soluble vitamins and only half as many calories as whole milk. In the final beverage form, it has been pasteurized or ultra-pasteurized and contains added vitamins A and D. It can be used in a liquid form to feed young calves.
- Solute
- A dissolved substance.
- Solvent
- A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances.
- Sorbitol
- Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol. It is an artificial sweetener often used in diet foods and in some cigarettes. Sorbitol is often referred to as a nutritive sweetener because it has 2.6 calories in every gram.
- Sour whey
- This can be acid whey, quark or cottage cheese whey and sour sweet whey. Acid whey, also known as casein whey, originates from the manufacture of casein by means of lactic acid and hydrochloric acid. The origin of quark or cottage cheese whey is self-explanatory. Lactic acid created through natural fermentation gives the whey a high acidity. The pH values of these types of whey range from 3.8 to 4.6. If insufficient care is given to the cheese whey, it becomes sourer by continued natural fermentation. Such a process is of course disadvantageous and the soured whey can no longer be regarded as a natural product.
- Soy Protein Isolate
- Concentrated form of protein.
- Spacer - Feed Channel
- The open mesh screen used to maintain spacing between the membranes in elements and to define the channels through which retentate flows.
- Spiral Wound Element
- Membranes element configuration which is comprised of flat sheet membrane - permeate channel spacer - flat sheet membrane - feed channel spacer" combinations rolled up around a product collection tube.
- Starch
- A complex carbohydrate made up of many glucose molecules linked together and found in foods like potatoes, wheat, rice, cassava, and corn.
- Stevia
- Stevia is a group of about 150 species of herbs and shrubs in the sunflower family. It is native to subtropical and tropical South America and Central America. The species Stevia rebaudiana bertoni is known as sweet-leaf, sweet leaf, sugar-leaf, or simply stevia. Stevia is commercially grown for its sweet leaves. As a sugar substitute, stevia's taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar (opposite the artificial intensive sweeteners). Some of its extracts may have a bitter or liquorice-like aftertaste at high concentrations. Stevia extracts can have up to 300 times the sweetness of sugar. For that reason stevia has gained attention with the rise in demand for low-carbohydrate, low-sugar food alternatives.
Believe it or not, but this innocuous-looking plant has also been a focal point of intrigue in the United States in recent years because of actions by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration - the subject of searches and seizures, trade complaints and embargoes on importation, stevia has been handled at times by the FDA as if it were an illegal drug. Anyway, since the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA), stevia can be sold legally in the United States, but only as a "dietary supplement." Consequently it can now be found in many forms in most health-food stores, and is also a common ingredient in drinks, teas, etc. (labeled as "dietary supplements"). It cannot, however, be called a "sweetener". For further information about Stevia please access this website http://www.stevia.net/ which is dedicated to Stevia.
- Sublimation
- Sublimation of an element or substance is a conversion between the solid and the gas phases with no intermediate liquid stage. Sublimation is a phase transition that occurs at temperatures and pressures below the triple point. At normal pressures, most chemical compounds and elements possess three different states at different temperatures. In these cases the transition from the solid to the gaseous state requires an intermediate liquid state. However, for some elements or substances at some pressures the material may transition directly from solid to the gaseous state. The technology is used in freeze drying a.k.a. lyophilization.
- Surface Filtration
- At surface filtration the particles are kept on the surface because a microporous film has been applied to the surface of the filter. This technique also makes it easier to remove particles on the outside surface of a filter material. A coffee filter is the best known example of a surface filter. In a ways membrane filtration is also a special form of surface filtration.
- Sub Micron cutoffs
- Filtration effectiveness measured in micron size instead of molecular weight. (usually from approx. .01-1 micron)
- Sweet whey
- This is also termed cheese whey and is produced during cheese making, when rennet is used. Sweet whey forms a very large family of products. Their compositions may vary only slightly but their properties are very different. The pH value of sweet whey can range between 5.2 and 6.7
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